Mall:Biologiska riken

Linné 1735^[1]	Haeckel 1866^[2]	Chatton 1925^[3]^[4]	Copeland 1938^[5]^[6]	Whittaker 1969^[7]	Woese et al. 1977^[8]^[9]	Woese et al. 1990^[10]	Cavalier-Smith 1993^[11]^[12]^[13]	Cavalier-Smith 1998^[14]^[15]^[16]	Cavalier-Smith 2015^[17]
2 riken	3 riken	2 domäner	4 riken	5 riken	6 riken	3 domäner	8 riken	6 riken	7 riken
(ej behandlade)	Protista	Prokaryota	Monera	Monera	Eubacteria	Bacteria	Eubacteria	Bacteria	Bacteria
		Prokaryota	Monera	Monera	Archaebacteria	Archaea	Archaebacteria	Bacteria	Archaea
		Eukaryota	Protista	Protista	Protista	Eucarya	Archezoa	Protozoa	Protozoa
							Protozoa	Protozoa	Protozoa
							Chromista	Chromista	Chromista
Vegetabilia	Plantae		Plantae	Plantae	Plantae		Plantae	Plantae	Plantae
Vegetabilia	Plantae		Plantae	Fungi	Fungi		Fungi	Fungi	Fungi
Animalia	Animalia		Animalia	Animalia	Animalia		Animalia	Animalia	Animalia

^ Linnaeus, C. (1735). Systemae Naturae, sive regna tria naturae, systematics proposita per classes, ordines, genera & species.
^ Haeckel, E. (1866). Generelle Morphologie der Organismen. Reimer, Berlin.
^ Chatton, É. (1925). ”Pansporella perplexa. Réflexions sur la biologie et la phylogénie des protozoaires”. Annales des Sciences Naturelles - Zoologie et Biologie Animale 10-VII: sid. 1–84.
^ Chatton, É. (1937). Titres et Travaux Scientifiques (1906–1937). Sette, Sottano, Italy.
^ Copeland, H. (1938). ”The kingdoms of organisms”. Quarterly Review of Biology 13: sid. 383–420. doi:10.1086/394568.
^ Copeland, H. F. (1956). The Classification of Lower Organisms. Palo Alto: Pacific Books, p. 6, [1]. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.4474.
^ Whittaker, R.H. (January 1969), ”New concepts of kingdoms or organisms. Evolutionary relations are better represented by new classifications than by the traditional two kingdoms”, Science 163 (3863): 150–60, doi:10.1126/science.163.3863.150, PMID 5762760, Bibcode: 1969Sci...163..150W, http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=5762760
^ Woese, C. R.; Balch, W. E.; Magrum, L. J.; Fox, G. E.; Wolfe, R. S. (August 1977). ”An ancient divergence among the bacteria”. Journal of Molecular Evolution 9 (4): sid. 305–311. doi:10.1007/BF01796092. PMID 408502.
^ Woese, C. R.; Fox, G. E. (November 1977). ”Phylogenetic structure of the prokaryotic domain: the primary kingdoms”. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 74 (11): sid. 5088–90. doi:10.1073/pnas.74.11.5088. PMID 270744. Bibcode: 1977PNAS...74.5088W.
^ Woese, C.; Kandler, O.; Wheelis, M. (1990). ”Towards a natural system of organisms: proposal for the domains Archaea, Bacteria, and Eucarya.”. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 87 (12): sid. 4576–9. doi:10.1073/pnas.87.12.4576. PMID 2112744. PMC: 54159. Bibcode: 1990PNAS...87.4576W. http://www.pnas.org/cgi/reprint/87/12/4576.
^ Cavalier-Smith, T. (1981). ”Eukaryote kingdoms: seven or nine?”. Bio Systems 14 (3–4): sid. 461–481. doi:10.1016/0303-2647(81)90050-2. PMID 7337818.
^ Cavalier-Smith, T. (1992). ”Origins of secondary metabolism”. Ciba Foundation symposium 171: sid. 64–80; discussion 80–7. PMID 1302186.
^ Cavalier-Smith, T. (1993). ”Kingdom protozoa and its 18 phyla”. Microbiological reviews 57 (4): sid. 953–994. PMID 8302218.
^ Cavalier-Smith, T. (1998), ”A revised six-kingdom system of life”, Biological Reviews 73 (03): 203–66, doi:10.1111/j.1469-185X.1998.tb00030.x, PMID 9809012, http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=685
^ Cavalier-Smith, T. (2004), ”Only six kingdoms of life”, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B Biological Sciences 271: 1251–62, doi:10.1098/rspb.2004.2705, PMID 15306349, PMC: 1691724, http://www.cladocera.de/protozoa/cavalier-smith_2004_prs.pdf, läst 16 november 2014
^ Cavalier-Smith T (June 2010). ”Kingdoms Protozoa and Chromista and the eozoan root of the eukaryotic tree”. Biol. Lett. 6 (3): sid. 342–5. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2009.0948. PMID 20031978. PMC: 2880060. http://rsbl.royalsocietypublishing.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=20031978.
^ Ruggiero, Michael A.; Gordon, Dennis P.; Orrell, Thomas M.; Bailly, Nicolas; Bourgoin, Thierry; Brusca, Richard C.; Cavalier-Smith, Thomas; Guiry, Michael D.; et al. (2015). ”A higher level classification of all living organisms”. PLOS ONE 10 (4): sid. e0119248. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0119248. PMID 25923521.

[Linnaeus1735-1] Linnaeus, C. (1735). Systemae Naturae, sive regna tria naturae, systematics proposita per classes, ordines, genera & species.

[Haeckel-2] Haeckel, E. (1866). Generelle Morphologie der Organismen. Reimer, Berlin.

[Chatton1925-3] Chatton, É. (1925). ”Pansporella perplexa. Réflexions sur la biologie et la phylogénie des protozoaires”. Annales des Sciences Naturelles - Zoologie et Biologie Animale 10-VII: sid. 1–84.

[Chatton-4] Chatton, É. (1937). Titres et Travaux Scientifiques (1906–1937). Sette, Sottano, Italy.

[Copeland1938-5] Copeland, H. (1938). ”The kingdoms of organisms”. Quarterly Review of Biology 13: sid. 383–420. doi:10.1086/394568.

[Copeland1956-6] Copeland, H. F. (1956). The Classification of Lower Organisms. Palo Alto: Pacific Books, p. 6, [1]. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.4474.

[Whittaker1969-7] Whittaker, R.H. (January 1969), ”New concepts of kingdoms or organisms. Evolutionary relations are better represented by new classifications than by the traditional two kingdoms”, Science 163 (3863): 150–60, doi:10.1126/science.163.3863.150, PMID 5762760, Bibcode: 1969Sci...163..150W, http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=5762760

[Woese1977-8] Woese, C. R.; Balch, W. E.; Magrum, L. J.; Fox, G. E.; Wolfe, R. S. (August 1977). ”An ancient divergence among the bacteria”. Journal of Molecular Evolution 9 (4): sid. 305–311. doi:10.1007/BF01796092. PMID 408502.

[Woese1977b-9] Woese, C. R.; Fox, G. E. (November 1977). ”Phylogenetic structure of the prokaryotic domain: the primary kingdoms”. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 74 (11): sid. 5088–90. doi:10.1073/pnas.74.11.5088. PMID 270744. Bibcode: 1977PNAS...74.5088W.

[Woese1990-10] Woese, C.; Kandler, O.; Wheelis, M. (1990). ”Towards a natural system of organisms: proposal for the domains Archaea, Bacteria, and Eucarya.”. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 87 (12): sid. 4576–9. doi:10.1073/pnas.87.12.4576. PMID 2112744. PMC: 54159. Bibcode: 1990PNAS...87.4576W. http://www.pnas.org/cgi/reprint/87/12/4576.

[11] Cavalier-Smith, T. (1981). ”Eukaryote kingdoms: seven or nine?”. Bio Systems 14 (3–4): sid. 461–481. doi:10.1016/0303-2647(81)90050-2. PMID 7337818.

[12] Cavalier-Smith, T. (1992). ”Origins of secondary metabolism”. Ciba Foundation symposium 171: sid. 64–80; discussion 80–7. PMID 1302186.

[13] Cavalier-Smith, T. (1993). ”Kingdom protozoa and its 18 phyla”. Microbiological reviews 57 (4): sid. 953–994. PMID 8302218.

[14] Cavalier-Smith, T. (1998), ”A revised six-kingdom system of life”, Biological Reviews 73 (03): 203–66, doi:10.1111/j.1469-185X.1998.tb00030.x, PMID 9809012, http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=685

[CavalierSmith2004-15] Cavalier-Smith, T. (2004), ”Only six kingdoms of life”, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B Biological Sciences 271: 1251–62, doi:10.1098/rspb.2004.2705, PMID 15306349, PMC: 1691724, http://www.cladocera.de/protozoa/cavalier-smith_2004_prs.pdf, läst 16 november 2014

[pmid20031978-16] Cavalier-Smith T (June 2010). ”Kingdoms Protozoa and Chromista and the eozoan root of the eukaryotic tree”. Biol. Lett. 6 (3): sid. 342–5. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2009.0948. PMID 20031978. PMC: 2880060. http://rsbl.royalsocietypublishing.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=20031978.

[17] Ruggiero, Michael A.; Gordon, Dennis P.; Orrell, Thomas M.; Bailly, Nicolas; Bourgoin, Thierry; Brusca, Richard C.; Cavalier-Smith, Thomas; Guiry, Michael D.; et al. (2015). ”A higher level classification of all living organisms”. PLOS ONE 10 (4): sid. e0119248. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0119248. PMID 25923521.

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