Lista över de närmaste stjärnorna
Denna lista över de närmaste stjärnorna innehåller alla kända stjärnor och bruna dvärgar inom 5 parsec (16 ljusår) från jorden, ordnade efter avstånd. Förutom solsystemet finns det ytterligare 50 stjärnsystem inom det avståndet. Dessa system innehåller totalt 61 stjärnor med fusion och åtta bruna dvärgar. Alla finns inom Vintergatan. Bara nio av dessa himlakroppar är ljusstarka nog att se med blotta ögat.[1]. Bara tre av dem, förutom solen, finns med i Lista över de ljusaste stjärnorna: Alfa Centauri, Sirius, och Procyon.
Innehåll |
Lista [redigera]
Stjärnor synliga med blotta ögat har sin magnitud i ljusblått nedan. Vissa parallaxer och avstånd är preliminära data.[2]
| # | Beteckning | Spektralklass | Skenbar magnitud (mV) | Absolut magnitud (MV) | Epok J2000.0 | Parallax[2][3] Bågsekunder (±err) |
Avstånd[4] Ljusår (±err) |
Ytterligare källor |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| System | Stjärna | Stjärna # | Rektascension[2] | Deklination[2] | |||||||
| Solsystemet | Solen | G2V[2] | -26.74[2] | 4.85[2] | varierande: solen rör sig längs ekliptikan | 180° | 0.000015 | har 8 planeter | |||
| 1 | Alpha Centauri (Rigil Kentaurus; Toliman) |
Proxima Centauri (V645 Centauri) | 1 | M5.5Ve | 11.09[2] | 15.53[2] | 14t29m43.0s | -62°40'46" | 0.768 87(0 29)?[5][6] | 4.2421(16) | [7] |
| ? Centauri A (HD 128620) | 2 | G2V[2] | 0.01[2] | 4.38[2] | 14t39m36.5s | -60°50'02" | 0.747 23(1 17)?[5][8] | 4.3650(68) | |||
| ? Centauri B (HD 128621) | 2 | K1V[2] | 1.34[2] | 5.71[2] | 14t39m35.1s | -60°50'14" | |||||
| 2 | Barnards stjärna (BD+04°3561a) | 4 | M4.0Ve | 9.53[2] | 13.22[2] | 17t57m48.5s | +04°41'36" | 0.546 98(1 00)?[5][6] | 5.9630(109) | ||
| 3 | Wolf 359 (CN Leonis) | 5 | M6.0V[2] | 13.44[2] | 16.55[2] | 10t56m29.2s | +07°00'53" | 0.419 10(2 10)?[5] | 7.7825(390) | ||
| 4 | Lalande 21185 (BD+36°2147) | 6 | M2.0V[2] | 7.47[2] | 10.44[2] | 11t03m20.2s | +35°58'12" | 0.393 42(0 70)?[5][6] | 8.2905(148) | ||
| 5 | Sirius (? Canis Majoris) |
Sirius A | 7 | A1V[2] | -1.46[2] | 1.42[2] | 06t45m08.9s | -16°42'58" | 0.380 02(1 28)?[5][6] | 8.5828(289) | |
| Sirius B | 7 | DA2[2] | 8.44[2] | 11.34[2] | |||||||
| 6 | Luyten 726-8 | Luyten 726-8 A (BL Ceti) | 9 | M5.5Ve | 12.54[2] | 15.40[2] | 01t39m01.3s | -17°57'01" | 0.373 70(2 70)?[5] | 8.7280(631) | |
| Luyten 726-8 B (UV Ceti) | 10 | M6.0Ve | 12.99[2] | 15.85[2] | |||||||
| 7 | Ross 154 (V1216 Sagittarii) | 11 | M3.5Ve | 10.43[2] | 13.07[2] | 18t49m49.4s | -23°50'10" | 0.336 90(1 78)?[5][6] | 9.6813(512) | ||
| 8 | Ross 248 (HH Andromedae) | 12 | M5.5Ve | 12.29[2] | 14.79[2] | 23t41m54.7s | +44°10'30" | 0.316 00(1 10)?[5] | 10.322(36) | ||
| 9 | Epsilon Eridani (BD-09°697) | 13 | K2V[2] | 3.73[2] | 6.19[2] | 03t32m55.8s | -09°27'30" | 0.309 99(0 79)?[5][6] | 10.522(27) | har två sannolika planeter | |
| 10 | Lacaille 9352 (CD-36°15693) | 14 | M1.5Ve | 7.34[2] | 9.75[2] | 23t05m52.0s | -35°51'11" | 0.303 64(0 87)?[5][6] | 10.742(31) | ||
| 11 | Ross 128 (FI Virginis) | 15 | M4.0Vn | 11.13[2] | 13.51[2] | 11t47m44.4s | +00°48'16" | 0.298 72(1 35)?[5][6] | 10.919(49) | ||
| 12 | EZ Aquarii (GJ 866, Luyten 789-6) |
EZ Aquarii A | 16 | M5.0Ve | 13.33[2] | 15.64[2] | 22t38m33.4s | -15°18'07" | 0.289 50(4 40)?[5] | 11.266(171) | |
| EZ Aquarii B | 16 | M? | 13.27[2] | 15.58[2] | |||||||
| EZ Aquarii C | 16 | M? | 14.03[2] | 16.34[2] | |||||||
| 13 | Procyon (? Canis Minoris) |
Procyon A | 19 | F5V-IV[2] | 0.38[2] | 2.66[2] | 07t39m18.1s | +05°13'30" | 0.286 05(0 81)?[5][6] | 11.402(32) | |
| Procyon B | 19 | DA[2] | 10.70[2] | 12.98[2] | |||||||
| 14 | 61 Cygni | 61 Cygni A (BD+38°4343) | 21 | K5.0V[2] | 5.21[2] | 7.49[2] | 21t06m53.9s | +38°44'58" | 0.286 04(0 56)?[5][6] | 11.403(22) | första stjärna (förutom solen) att få sitt avstånd uppmätt |
| 61 Cygni B (BD+38°4344) | 21 | K7.0V[2] | 6.03[2] | 8.31[2] | 21t06m55.3s | +38°44'31" | |||||
| 15 | Struve 2398 (GJ 725, BD+59°1915) |
Struve 2398 A (HD 173739) | 23 | M3.0V[2] | 8.90[2] | 11.16[2] | 18t42m46.7s | +59°37'49" | 0.283 00(1 69)?[5][6] | 11.525(69) | |
| Struve 2398 B (HD 173740) | 23 | M3.5V[2] | 9.69[2] | 11.95[2] | 18t42m46.9s | +59°37'37" | |||||
| 16 | Groombridge 34 (GJ 15) |
Groombridge 34 A (GX Andromedae) | 25 | M1.5V[2] | 8.08[2] | 10.32[2] | 0t18m22.9s | +44°01'23" | 0.280 59(0 95)?[5][6] | 11.624(39) | |
| Groombridge 34 B (GQ Andromedae) | 25 | M3.5V[2] | 11.06[2] | 13.30[2] | |||||||
| 17 | Epsilon Indi (CPD-57°10015) |
Epsilon Indi A | 27 | K5Ve[2] | 4.69[2] | 6.89[2] | 22t03m21.7s | -56°47'10" | 0.275 84(0 69)?[5][6] | 11.824(30) | |
| Epsilon Indi Ba | 27 | T1.0V | >23 | >25 | 22t04m10.5s | -56°46'58" | |||||
| Epsilon Indi Bb | 27 | T6.0V | >23 | >25 | |||||||
| 18 | DX Cancri (G 51-15) | 30 | M6.5Ve | 14.78[2] | 16.98[2] | 08t29m49.5s | +26°46'37" | 0.275 80(3 00)?[5] | 11.826(129) | ||
| 19 | Tau Ceti (BD-16°295) | 31 | G8Vp[2] | 3.49[2] | 5.68[2] | 01t44m04.1s | -15°56'15" | 0.274 39(0 76)?[5][6] | 11.887(33) | ||
| 20 | GJ 1061 (LHS 1565) | 32 | M5.5V[2] | 13.09[2] | 15.26[2] | 03t35m59.7s | -44°30'45" | 0.272 01(1 30)?[9] | 11.991(57) | [10][11] | |
| 21 | YZ Ceti (LHS 138) | 33 | M4.5V[2] | 12.02[2] | 14.17[2] | 01t12m30.6s | -16°59'56" | 0.268 84(2 95)?[5][6] | 12.132(133) | ||
| 22 | Luyten's Star (BD+05°1668) | 34 | M3.5Vn | 9.86[2] | 11.97[2] | 07t27m24.5s | +05°13'33" | 0.263 76(1 25)?[5][6] | 12.366(59) | ||
| 23 | Teegarden's star (SO025300.5+165258) | 35 | M6.5V | 15.14[2] | 17.22[2] | 02t53m00.9s | +16°52'53" | 0.260 63(2 69)?[9] | 12.514(129) | [11] | |
| 24 | SCR 1845-6357 | SCR 1845-6357 A | 36 | M8.5V[2] | 17.39 | 19.41 | 18t45m05.3s | -63°57'48" | 0.259 45(1 11)?[9] | 12.571(54) | [11] |
| SCR 1845-6357 B | 36 | T6[12] | ingen data | ingen data | 18t45m02.6s | -63°57'52" | |||||
| 25 | Kapteyn's Star (CD-45°1841) | 38 | M1.5V[2] | 8.84[2] | 10.87[2] | 05t11m40.6s | -45°01'06" | 0.255 27(0 86)?[5][6] | 12.777(43) | ||
| 26 | Lacaille 8760 (AX Microscopii) | 39 | M0.0V[2] | 6.67[2] | 8.69[2] | 21t17m15.3s | -38°52'03" | 0.253 43(1 12)?[5][6] | 12.870(57) | ||
| 27 | UGPS J072227.51-054031.2 | T10[2] | 16.52[13] | 07t22m27.3s[14] | -05°40'30"[14] | 13(1.5) | |||||
| 28 | Kruger 60 (BD+56°2783) |
Kruger 60 A | 40 | M3.0V[2] | 9.79[2] | 11.76[2] | 22t27m59.5s | +57°41'45" | 0.248 06(1 39)?[5][8] | 13.149(74) | |
| Kruger 60 B (DO Cephei) | 40 | M4.0V[2] | 11.41[2] | 13.38[2] | |||||||
| 29 | DEN 1048-3956 | 42 | M8.5V[2] | 17.39[2] | 19.37[2] | 10t48m14.7s | -39°56'06" | 0.247 71(1 55)?[9] | 13.167(82) | [15][16] | |
| 30 | Ross 614 (V577 Monocerotis, GJ 234) |
Ross 614A (LHS 1849) | 43 | M4.5V[2] | 11.15[2] | 13.09[2] | 06t29m23.4s | -02°48'50" | 0.244 34(2 01)?[5][8] | 13.349(110) | |
| Ross 614B (LHS 1850) | 43 | M5.5V | 14.23[2] | 16.17[2] | |||||||
| 31 | Wolf 1061 (GJ 628, BD-12°4523) | 45 | M3.0V[2] | 10.07[2] | 11.93[2] | 16t30m18.1s | -12°39'45" | 0.236 01(1 67)?[5][6] | 13.820(98) | ||
| 32 | Van Maanen's star (GJ 35, LHS 7) | 46 | DZ7[2] | 12.38[2] | 14.21[2] | 00t49m09.9s | +05°23'19" | 0.231 88(1 79)?[5][6] | 14.066(109) | ||
| 33 | Gliese 1 (CD-37°15492) | 47 | M3.0V[2] | 8.55[2] | 10.35[2] | 00t05m24.4s | -37°21'27" | 0.229 20(1 07)?[5][6] | 14.231(66) | ||
| 34 | Wolf 424 (FL Virginis, LHS 333, GJ 473) |
Wolf 424 A | 48 | M5.5Ve | 13.18[2] | 14.97[2] | 12t33m17.2s | +09°01'15" | 0.227 90(4 60)? [5] | 14.312(289) | |
| Wolf 424 B | 48 | M7Ve | 13.17[2] | 14.96[2] | |||||||
| 35 | TZ Arietis (GJ 83.1, Luyten 1159-16) | 50 | M4.5V[2] | 12.27[2] | 14.03[2] | 02t00m13.2s | +13°03'08" | 0.224 80(2 90)?[5] | 14.509(187) | ||
| 36 | GJ 687 (LHS 450, BD+68°946) | 51 | M3.0V[2] | 9.17[2] | 10.89[2] | 17t36m25.9s | +68°20'21" | 0.220 49(0 82)?[5][6] | 14.793(55) | ||
| 37 | LHS 292 (LP 731-58) | 52 | M6.5V[2] | 15.60[2] | 17.32[2] | 10t48m12.6s | -11°20'14" | 0.220 30(3 60)?[5] | 14.805(242) | ||
| 38 | GJ 674 (LHS 449) | 53 | M3.0V[2] | 9.38[2] | 11.09[2] | 17t28m39.9s | -46°53'43" | 0.220 25(1 59)?[5][6] | 14.809(107) | har en planet | |
| 39 | GJ 1245 | GJ 1245 A | 54 | M5.5V[2] | 13.46[2] | 15.17[2] | 19t53m54.2s | +44°24'55" | 0.220 20(1 00)?[5] | 14.812(67) | |
| GJ 1245 B | 54 | M6.0V[2] | 14.01[2] | 15.72[2] | 19t53m55.2s | +44°24'56" | |||||
| GJ 1245 C | 54 | M5.5 | 16.75[2] | 18.46[2] | 19t53m54.2s | +44°24'55" | |||||
| 40 | WISE J1741+2553 | ~T8-T10 | ~14 | 15 | [17][18] | ||||||
| 41 | GJ 440 (WD 1142-645) | 57 | DQ6[2] | 11.50[2] | 13.18[2] | 11t45m42.9s | -64°50'29" | 0.216 57(2 01)?[5][6] | 15.060(140) | ||
| 42 | GJ 1002 | 58 | M5.5V[2] | 13.76[2] | 15.40[2] | 00t06m43.8s | -07°32'22" | 0.213 00(3 60)?[5] | 15.313(259) | ||
| 43 | Gliese 876 (Ross 780) | 59 | M3.5V[2] | 10.17[2] | 11.81[2] | 22t53m16.7s | -14°15'49" | 0.212 59(1 96)?[5][6] | 15.342(141) | har 4 planeter | |
| 44 | LHS 288 (Luyten 143-23) | 60 | M5.5V[2] | 13.90[2] | 15.51[2] | 10t44m21.2s | -61°12'36" | 0.208 95(2 73)?[9] | 15.610(204) | [11] | |
| 45 | GJ 412 | GJ 412 A | 61 | M1.0V[2] | 8.77[2] | 10.34[2] | 11t05m28.6s | +43°31'36" | 0.206 02(1 08)?[5][6] | 15.832(83) | |
| GJ 412 B (WX Ursae Majoris) | 61 | M5.5V[2] | 14.48[2] | 16.05[2] | 11t05m30.4s | +43°31'18" | |||||
| 46 | Groombridge 1618 (GJ 380) | 63 | K7.0V[2] | 6.59[2] | 8.16[2] | 10t11m22.1s | +49°27'15" | 0.205 81(0 67)?[5][6] | 15.848(52) | ||
| 47 | AD Leonis | 64 | M3.0V[2] | 9.32[2] | 10.87[2] | 10t19m36.4s | +19°52'10" | 0.204 60(2 80)?[5] | 15.942(218) | ||
| 48 | GJ 832 | 65 | M3.0V[2] | 8.66[2] | 10.20[2] | 21t33m34.0s | -49°00'32" | 0.202 78(1 32)?[5][6] | 16.085(105) | har en planet | |
| 49 | LP 944-020 | 66 | M9.0V[2] | 18.50[2] | 20.02[2] | 03t39m35.2s | -35°25'41" | 0.201 40(4 20)?[19] | 16.195(338) | ||
| 50 | DEN 0255-4700 | 67 | L7.5V[2] | 22.92[2] | 24.44[2] | 02t55m03.7s | -47°00'52" | 0.201 37(3 89)?[9] | 16.197(313) | [16] | |
| # | Spektralklass | Skenbar magnitud (mV) | Absolut magnitud (MV) | Epok J2000.0 | Parallax[2][3] Bågsekunder (±err) |
Avstånd[4] Ljusår (±err) |
Ytterligare källor |
||||
| System | Stjärna | Stjärna # | Rektascension[2] | Deklination[2] | |||||||
Karta i 3-D över de närmaste stjärnorna [redigera]
Följande karta visar alla stjärnsystem inom 14 ljusår från solen, förutom den nyupptäckta bruna dvärgen UGPS 0722-05. Dubbel- och trippelstjärnor visas "staplade"; i varje stapel visar stjärnan närmast mittplanet den korrekta positionen. Färger som i tabellen ovan.
Framtiden och det förflutna [redigera]
Stjärnorna rör sig hela tiden i rymden, i sina banor runt Vintergatan. Vilken stjärna som är närmast solen kommer därför att variera med tiden, vilket visas i figuren här bredvid.
Referenser [redigera]
- ^ Weaver, Harold F. (1947). ”The Visibility of Stars Without Optical Aid”. Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific 59 (350): ss. 232–243. doi:. Bibcode: 1947PASP...59..232W.
- ^ [a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl dm dn do dp dq dr ds dt du dv dw dx dy dz ea eb ec ed ee ef eg eh ei ej ek el em en eo ep eq er es et eu ev ew ex ey ez fa fb fc fd fe ff fg fh fi fj fk fl fm fn fo fp fq fr fs ft fu fv fw fx fy fz ga] Research Consortium on Nearby Stars, GSU (2007-09-17). ”The One Hundred Nearest Star Systems”. RECONS. http://www.chara.gsu.edu/RECONS/TOP100.posted.htm. Läst 6 november 2007.
- ^ [a b] Parallaxes given by RECONS are a weighted mean of values in the sources given, as well as measurements by the RECONS program.
- ^ [a b] Från parallax.
- ^ [a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap] General Catalogue of Trigonometric Parallaxes.
- ^ [a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab] Hipparcos Catalogue.
- ^ Burgasser et al. 2000
- ^ [a b c] Visual binary orbits and masses post Hipparcos, Staffan Söderhjelm, Astronomy and Astrophysics 341 (January 1999), pp. 121–140.
- ^ [a b c d e f] Systems with their first accurate trigonometric parallaxes measured by RECONS
- ^ The solar neighborhood IV: discovery of the twentieth nearest star, Todd J. Henry, Philip A. Ianna, J. Davy Kirkpatrick, Hartmut Jahreiss, The Astronomical Journal 114, #1 (July 1997), pp. 388–395. doi:10.1086/118482
- ^ [a b c d] The Solar Neighborhood. XVII. Parallax Results from the CTIOPI 0.9 m Program: 20 New Members of the RECONS 10 Parsec Sample, Todd J. Henry, Wei-Chun Jao, John P. Subasavage, Thomas D. Beaulieu, Philip A. Ianna, Edgardo Costa, René A. Méndez, The Astronomical Journal 132, #6 (December 2006), pp. 2360–2371. doi:10.1086/508233
- ^ The very nearby M/T dwarf binary SCR 1845-6357, Markus Kasper, Beth A. Biller, Adam Burrows, Wolfgang Brandner, Jano Budaj, and Laird M. Close, Astronomy and Astrophysics 471, #2 (August 2007), pp. 655–659. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20077881
- ^ [1]
- ^ [a b] Mall:Cite arXiv
- ^ The Solar Neighborhood. XIII. Parallax Results from the CTIOPI 0.9 Meter Program: Stars with ? >= 1.0" yr-1 (Motion sample), Wei-Chun Jao, Todd J. Henry, John P. Subasavage, Misty A. Brown, Philip A. Ianna, Jennifer L. Bartlett, Edgardo Costa, René A. Méndez, The Astronomical Journal 129, #4 (April 2005), pp. 1954–1967. doi:10.1086/428489
- ^ [a b] The Solar Neighborhood. XIV. Parallaxes from the Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory Parallax Investigation—First Results from the 1.5 m Telescope Program, Edgardo Costa, René A. Méndez, W.-C. Jao, Todd J. Henry, John P. Subasavage, Misty A. Brown, Philip A. Ianna, and Jennifer Bartlett, The Astronomical Journal 130, #1 (July 2005), pp. 337–349. doi:10.1086/430473
- ^ Two new brown dwarf Solar neighbours discovered (14 July 2011)
- ^ Two very nearby (d ~ 5 pc) ultracool brown dwarfs detected by their large proper motions from WISE, 2MASS, and SDSS data (arXiv:1105.4059 : 4 Jul 2011)
- ^ CCD astrometry of southern very low-mass stars, C. G. Tinney, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 281, #2 (July 1996), pp. 644–658.
Externa länkar [redigera]
- "The 100 nearest star systems", Research Consortium on Nearby Stars
- ”NStars database”. NAU. http://nstars.nau.edu. Läst 24 oktober 2005.
- ”Map of the 25 nearest star systems”. NASA. http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap010318.html. Läst 24 oktober 2005.
- ”Notable Nearby Stars”. SolStation. http://www.solstation.com/stars.htm. Läst 24 oktober 2005.
- ”Cool stars in the solar Neighbourhood”. D. Montes, UCM. http://www.ucm.es/info/Astrof/invest/actividad/cool_NS.html. Läst 14 november 2005.
- The dynamics of the closest stars
- Takeda, G. (2006). ”Structure and Evolution of Nearby Stars with Planets II. Physical Properties of ~ 1000 Cool Stars from the SPOCS Catalog”. California & Carnegie Planet Search. http://exoplanets.org/SPOCS_evol.html. Läst 13 oktober 2006.
- Nearest Stars 3D View
- Denna artikel är helt eller delvis baserad på material från engelskspråkiga Wikipedia