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Astronomiska symboler

Från Wikipedia

Astronomiska symboler är symboler som används för att representera olika objekt på himlen, teoretiska konstruktioner och observerbara händelser inom astronomin. Symbolerna som listas här används av både professionella astronomer och amatörastronomer. Många av symbolerna används även inom astrologin.

Huvudartikel: Solsymbol
Namn Symbol Unicode
Solen
[1][2][3]
☉
—
U+2609
[4]
🜚
—
U+1F71A
[5][6]
🌞︎
🌞
U+1F31E
Namn Symbol Unicode
Månen
[7][8][9]
☽
—
U+263D
[8][9]
☾
—
U+263E
Nymåne
[8][9]
🌑︎
🌑
U+1F311
Växande skära
🌒︎
🌒
U+1F312
Växande halvmåne
🌓︎
🌓
U+1F313
Växande måne
🌔︎
🌔
U+1F314
Fullmåne
[8][9]
🌕︎
🌕
U+1F315
Avtagande måne
🌖︎
🌖
U+1F316
Avtagande halvmåne
🌗︎
🌗
U+1F317
Avtagande skära
🌘︎
🌘
U+1F318
Månskära utan specifikation
🌙︎
🌙
U+1F319
Nymåne med ansikte
[5][10][11]
🌚︎
🌚
U+1F31A
Växande skära med ansikte
[5][10][11]
🌛︎
🌛
U+1F31B
Avtagande skära med ansikte
[5][10][11]
🌜︎
🌜
U+1F31C
Fullmåne med ansikte
[5][10][11]
🌝︎
🌝
U+1F31D
Namn Symbol Unicode
Merkurius
[1][2][12]
☿
U+263F
Venus
[1][2][12]
♀
U+2640
Jorden
[2][8]
♁
U+2641
[1][2][12]
🜨
U+1F728
Mars
[1][2][12]
♂
U+2642
Jupiter
[1][2][12]
♃
U+2643
Saturnus
[1][2][12]
♄
U+2644
Uranus
[13][14]
⛢
U+26E2
[8][9][12]
♅
U+2645
Neptunus
[1][2][9]
♆
U+2646
[15][12]
⯉
U+2BC9

Dvärgplaneter

[redigera | redigera wikitext]
Namn Symbol Unicode
Ceres
[3][8][12]
⚳
U+26B3
Quaoar
[16]
🝾
U+1F77E
Sedna
[16]
⯲
U+2BF2
Orcus
[16]
🝿
U+1F77F
Pluto
[1][2]
♇
U+2647
[17]
⯓
U+2BD3
⯖
U+2BD6
⯔
U+2BD4
Haumea
[17]
🝻
U+1F77B
Eris
[17]
⯰
U+2BF0
⯱
U+2BF1
Makemake
[17]
🝼
U+1F77C
Gonggong
[16]
🝽
U+1F77D
Namn Symbol Unicode
2060 Chiron
[18]
⚷
U+26B7
5145 Pholus
[19]
⯛
U+2BDB
7066 Nessus
[19]
⯛
U+2BDC
Namn Symbol Unicode
2 Pallas
[20]
⚴
U+26B4
3 Juno
[21][22]
⚵
U+26B5
[12][23]
—
4 Vesta
[18]
⚶
U+26B6
[3][24][23]
—
[25]
—
5 Astraea
[26][24]
—
[27]
⚖
U+2696
[19]
⯙
U+2BD9
6 Hebe
[3][12][24]
🍷︎
U+1F377
[28][29][30]
7 Iris
[31][32]
—
[3][12]
—
8 Flora
[3][24]
⚘
U+2698
9 Metis
[3][12][24]
—
10 Hygiea
[3][24]
⚕
U+2695
[33][32]
[19]
⯚
U+2BDA
11 Parthenope
[3][33]
—
[27]
—
12 Victoria
[3][24]
—
13 Egeria
[32]
—
14 Irene
[27]
—
15 Eunomia
[3][24]
—
16 Psyche
[32]
—
17 Thetis
[34]
—
18 Melpomene
[32]
—
19 Fortuna
[32]
—
26 Proserpina
[35]
—
28 Bellona
[36]
—
29 Amphitrite
[37]
—
35 Leukothea
[38]
—
37 Fides
[39]
—

Stjärnbilder

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Namn Symbol Unicode
Väduren
[40][41]
♈︎
♈
U+2648
Oxen
[40][41]
♉︎
♉
U+2649
Tvillingarna
[40][41]
♊︎
♊
U+264A
Kräftan
[40][41]
♋︎
♋
U+264B
Lejonet
[40][41]
♌︎
♌
U+264C
Jungfrun
[40][41]
♍︎
♍
U+264D
Vågen
[40][41]
♎︎
♎
U+264E
Skorpionen
[40][41]
♏︎
♏
U+264F
(Ormbäraren)
[41]
⛎︎
⛎
U+26CE
Skytten
[40][41]
♐︎
♐
U+2650
Stenbocken
[40][41]
♑︎
♑
U+2651
Vattumannen
[40][41]
♒︎
♒
U+2652
Fiskarna
[40][41]
♓︎
♓
U+2653

Övriga symboler

[redigera | redigera wikitext]
Namn Symbol Unicode
Uppstigande nod
[2][8]
☊
U+260A
Nedstigande nod
[2][8]
☋
U+260B
Konjunktion
[8][9]
☌
U+260C
Opposition
[8][9]
☍
U+260D
Ockultation
🝵
U+1F775
Månförmörkelse
🝶
U+1F776
Kvadratur
[8][9]
□
U+25A1
Komet
[8][37][42]
☄
U+2604
Stjärna
[8][37][42]
★
U+2605
Planetarisk ring
[43]
🪐︎
U+1FA90
  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ”Planet Symbols”. NASA. Arkiverad från originalet den 17 mars 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20100317223147/http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/multimedia/display.cfm?IM_ID=167. Läst 4 mars 2010.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Cox, Arthur (2001). Allen's astrophysical quantities. Springer. sid. 2. ISBN 978-0-387-95189-8
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Hilton, James L. (14 juni 2011). ”When Did the asteroids Become Minor Planets?”. Arkiverad från originalet den 10 augusti 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180810175312/http://aa.usno.navy.mil/faq/docs/minorplanets.php. Läst 24 april 2013.
  4. ↑ Neugebauer, Otto; Van Hoesen, H. B. (1987). Greek Horoscopes. sid. 1, 159, 163. ISBN 978-0-8357-0314-7
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 Frey, A. (1857). Nouveau manuel complet de typographie contenant les principes théoriques et pratiques de cet art. sid. 379. https://books.google.com/books?id=Tq_DT8yrnn4C&pg=PA379
  6. ↑ Éphémérides des mouvemens célestes. 1774. sid. xxxiv. https://books.google.com/books?id=gJAAAAAAMAAJ&pg=PR34
  7. ↑ The Penny cyclopædia of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge. "22". C. Knight. 1842. sid. 197. https://books.google.com/books?id=rJhOFg1yiqUC&pg=PA197
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 The Encyclopedia Americana: a library of universal knowledge. "26". Encyclopedia Americana Corp. 1920. sid. 162–163. https://archive.org/stream/encyclopediaame01unkngoog#page/n202/mode/2up. Läst 24 mars 2011
  9. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Putnam, Edmund Whitman (1914). The essence of astronomy: things every one should know about the sun, moon, and stars. G.P. Putnam's sons. sid. 197. https://books.google.com/books?id=xlE6AAAAMAAJ&pg=PA197
  10. 1 2 3 4 Almanach de Gotha. "158". 1852. sid. ii. https://books.google.com/books?id=P4nluPY9-P8C&pg=RA1-PR2
  11. 1 2 3 4 (Firm), Hachette (1908). Almanach Hachette. sid. 8. https://books.google.com/books?id=wi4bAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA8
  12. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Mattison, Hiram (1872). High-School Astronomy. Sheldon & Co. sid. 32–36. https://books.google.com/books?id=XksAAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA32
  13. ↑ Bode, J. E. (1784). Von dem neu entdeckten Planeten. sid. 95–96. Bibcode: 1784vdne.book.....B. https://books.google.com/books?id=ZqA5AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA95
  14. ↑ Gould, B. A. (1850). Report on the history of the discovery of Neptune. Smithsonian Institution. sid. 5. https://books.google.com/books?id=uyANAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA5
  15. ↑ Schumacher, H. C. (1846). ”Name des Neuen Planeten”. Astronomische Nachrichten 25 (6): sid. 81–82. doi:10.1002/asna.18470250603. https://books.google.com/books?id=wlc_AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA81.
  16. 1 2 3 4 ”Symbols for large trans-Neptunian objects”. Suberic.net. 3 juli 2013. http://www.suberic.net/~dmm/astro/tno.html. Läst 22 mars 2018.
  17. 1 2 3 4 JPL/NASA (22 april 2015). ”What is a Dwarf Planet?”. Jet Propulsion Laboratory. https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/infographics/what-is-a-dwarf-planet. Läst 24 september 2021.
  18. 1 2 Faulks, David (9 maj 2006). ”Proposal to add some Western Astrology Symbols to the UCS”. sid. 4. Arkiverad från originalet den 15 juni 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180615214658/https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2006/06171-astroprop.pdf. Läst 20 november 2017. ”In general, only the signs for Vesta have enough variance to be regarded as different designs. However, all of these Vesta symbols ... are differing designs for 'the hearth and flame of the temple of the Goddess Vesta' in Rome, and can thus be regarded as extreme variants of a single symbol.”
  19. 1 2 3 4 Faulks, David (28 maj 2016). ”L2/16-080: Additional Symbols for Astrology”. https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2016/16080r-add-astrology.pdf.
  20. ↑ von Zach, Franz Xaver (1802). Monatliche correspondenz zur beförderung der erd- und himmels-kunde, Volume 6. Sid. 95–96.
  21. ↑ von Zach, Franz Xaver (1804). Monatliche correspondenz zur beförderung der erd- und himmels-kunde. "10". sid. 471. https://books.google.com/books?id=vnIEAAAAQAAJ&pg=RA1-PA471
  22. ↑ Chambers, George Frederick (1877). A handbook of descriptive astronomy. Clarendon Press. sid. 920–921. ISBN 978-1-108-01475-5. https://books.google.com/books?id=n8sJAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA920
  23. 1 2 Olmsted, Dennis (1855). Letters on astronomy. Harper. sid. 288. https://books.google.com/books?id=BYoXAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA288
  24. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Schmadel, Lutz D. (2003). Dictionary of minor planet names. Springer. sid. 15–18. ISBN 978-0-354-06174-2. https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofmino0000schm_k0v7
  25. ↑ von Zach, Franz Xaver (1807). Monatliche correspondenz zur beförderung der erd- und himmels-kunde. "15". sid. 507. https://books.google.com/books?id=_Rw4AAAAMAAJ&pg=PA507
  26. ↑ Deutsche Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin; Königlich Preussische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin (1845). Bericht über die zur Bekanntmachung geeigneten Verhandlungen der Königl. Preuss. Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin. sid. 406. https://books.google.com/books?id=ZM8DAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA406. ”Der Planet hat mit Einwilligung des Entdeckers den Namen Astraea erhalten, und sein Zeichen wird nach dem Wunsche des Hr. Hencke ein umgekehrter Anker sein.”
  27. 1 2 3 Wilson, John (1899). A treatise on English punctuation. sid. 302. ISBN 978-1-4255-3642-8. https://books.google.com/books?id=oIICAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA302
  28. ↑ Wöchentliche Unterhaltungen für Dilettanten und Freunde der Astronomie, Geographie und Witterungskunde. 1847. sid. 315. https://books.google.com/books?id=9AcFAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA315
  29. ↑ Hencke, Karl Ludwig (1847). ”Schreiben des Herrn Hencke an den Herausgeber”. Astronomische Nachrichten 26 (610): sid. 155–156. doi:10.1002/asna.18480261007. https://books.google.com/books?id=-qAEAAAAQAAJ&pg=RA4-PA155.
  30. ↑ Austria: Oesterreichischer Universal-Kalender für das gemeine Jahr 1849. 1849. sid. xxxix. https://books.google.com/books?id=6H0AAAAAcAAJ&pg=PR39
  31. ↑ ”Report of the Council to the Twenty-eighth Annual General Meeting”. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 8 (4): sid. 82. 1848. doi:10.1093/mnras/8.4.57. https://books.google.com/books?id=GOA3AAAAMAAJ&pg=PA82. ”The symbol adopted for [Iris] is a semicircle to represent the rainbow, with an interior star and a base line for the horizon....The symbol adopted for [Flora's] designation is the figure of a flower.”.
  32. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Hind, J. R. (1852). An astronomical vocabulary. sid. v. https://books.google.com/books?id=_DgDAAAAQAAJ&pg=PR5
  33. 1 2 de Gasparis, Annibale (1850). ”Letter to Mr. Hind, from Professor Annibale de Gasparis”. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 11: sid. 1. doi:10.1093/mnras/11.1.1a. https://books.google.com/books?id=_uw3AAAAMAAJ&pg=RA1-PA1. ”The symbol of Hygeia is a serpent (like a Greek ζ) crowned with a star. That of Parthenope is a fish crowned with a star.”.
  34. ↑ Luther, R. (1852). ”Beobachtungen der Thetis auf der Bilker Sternwarte”. Astronomische Nachrichten 34 (16): sid. 243–244. doi:10.1002/asna.18520341606. https://books.google.com/books?id=fWM_AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA243. ”Herr Director Argelander in Bonn, welcher der hiesigen Sternwarte schon seit längerer Zeit seinen Schutz und Beistand zu Theil werden lässt, hat die Entdeckung des April-Planeten zuerst constatirt und mir bei dieser Gelegenheit dafür den Namen Thetis und das Zeichen [symbol pictured] vorgeschlagen, wodurch der der silberfüssigen Göttinn geheiligte Delphin angedeutet wird. Indem ich mich hiermit einverstanden erkläre, ersuche ich die sämmtlichen Herren Astronomen, diesen Namen und dieses Zeichen annehmen und beibehalten zu wollen.”.
  35. ↑ Luther, R. (1853). ”Beobachtungen des neuesten Planeten auf der Bilker Sternwarte”. Astronomische Nachrichten 36 (24): sid. 349–350. doi:10.1002/asna.18530362403. https://books.google.com/books?id=o2M_AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA349.
  36. ↑ Encke, J. F. (1854). ”Beobachtung der Bellona, nebst Nachrichten über die Bilker Sternwarte”. Astronomische Nachrichten 38 (9): sid. 143–144. doi:10.1002/asna.18540380907. https://books.google.com/books?id=1mM_AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA143.
  37. 1 2 3 Webster, Noah; Goodrich, Chauncey Allen (1884). Webster's Complete Dictionary of the English Language. sid. 1780. https://books.google.com/books?id=ql4IAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA1780
  38. ↑ Rümker, G. (1855). ”Name und Zeichen des von Herrn R. Luther zu Bilk am 19. April entdeckten Planeten”. Astronomische Nachrichten 40 (24): sid. 373–374. doi:10.1002/asna.18550402405. https://books.google.com/books?id=_GM_AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA59.
  39. ↑ Luther, R. (1856). ”Schreiben des Herrn Dr. R. Luther, Directors der Sternwarte zu Bilk, an den Herausgeber”. Astronomische Nachrichten 42 (7): sid. 107–108. doi:10.1002/asna.18550420705. https://books.google.com/books?id=1KEEAAAAQAAJ&pg=RA1-PA107.
  40. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Joyce, Jeremiah (1866). Scientific dialogues for the instruction and entertainment of young people. sid. 109. ISBN 978-1-145-49244-8. https://books.google.com/books?id=h8AAAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA109
  41. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 ”Miscellaneous Symbols”. unicode.org. The Unicode Consortium. 2018. https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U2600.pdf. Läst 5 november 2018.
  42. 1 2 Tupman, G. L. (1877). ”Observations of Comet I 1877”. Astronomische Nachrichten 89 (11): sid. 169–170. doi:10.1002/asna.18770891103. https://books.google.com/books?id=46MEAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA169. Läst 24 mars 2011.
  43. ↑ Kirkhill Astronomical Pillar

Externa länkar

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